Affirmative Action, Equality, Discrimination

"Fierce Urgency of Now"

Shirley Wilcher -"race knows no economic bonds" 

• Roosevelt and Truman were among the first to order successful executive orders in the name of Affirmative Action and Equal Opportunities.
• John F. Kennedy was the first to use Affirmative Action

The Philadelphia Plan- had to do with the construction industry, which is one of the most difficult to integrate. Now the Philadelphia Plan is used as a model.

Civil Rights Landmarks
1949: Desegregation of the US Armed Forces
1954: Brown v. Board of Education
1955: Montgomary buscott
1963: Betty Friedon
1964: Civil Rights Act Signed
1966: EEO-1 Private Sector Report if company has more than 100 employees
1969: Stonewall Riot
1973: Rehabilitation Act
1990: Americans with Disabilities
1991: Civil Rights Act of 1991
1997: Cali. banned all forms of affirmation action
1998: Washington state abolished affirmation action
2000: Florida bans using race as a factor in college admissions
2007: Michigan banning preferential treatments of minorities

Quote from President Truman:

"Freedom is not enough, you do not wipe away the scars of centuries by saying: Now you are free to go where you want and do as you desire, and choose the leaders you please. You do not take a person who for years has been hobbled by chains and liberate him, bring him up to the starting line of race and then say, "you are free to compete with all the others," and still justly believe that you have been completely fair. Thus it is not enough just to open the gates of opportunity. all our citizens must have the ability to walk through those gates..."

Why can't women get jobs above a certain level?
Why are minorities jumping from job to job?
WHY? Where is you Affirmative Action Plan? 
"Plans for Progress" ? - during the Kennedy Administration contractor, reportedly designed to take positive action and prevent discrimination lawsuits

• Employers need to take Affirmative Action in the work place and in the hiring process - you cannot exclude a person because of race, gender, looks, etc. !!!
• Affirmative action program is a management tool designed to enforce equal opportunities.

• Student Body Diversity is Constitutional!
• Grutter v. Bollinger and Gratz v. Bollinger
• Abigail Fisher v. University of Texas - "discriminated her because of her race"
• several colleges had this problem, in some aspects the colleges were not always at fault.
• Affirmative Action protects LGBT
• poor white kids do better on standardize tests then poor kids of color, why?

"To get beyond race you have to first take race into account"